The environment, serving as the habitat for human life, has provided the platform for human development on this terrestrial sphere. However, the natural environment has encountered various challenges due to human activities and their excessive demands. Not many years have passed since environmental issues were introduced in the field of security literature, today the significance of threats arising from the environment and their impacts on personal, societal, and national security is undeniable. The emergence of these threats establishes a basis for their dissemination to other parts of the world. In other words, such threats are not confined to a specific location or government. Consequently, Iran is not exempt from this matter; rather, it has consistently grappled with such threats. In fact, environmental degradation in our country has escalated within its geographical boundaries in the past years, reaching crisis levels in some instances. The present article aims at exploring the consequences of environmental threats on societal security, endeavoring to address the fundamental question of the impact of environmental threats on Iran's societal security. In response, the underlying assumption is that environmental threats and their resulting consequences, such as migration issues, appear to pose a risk to Iran's societal security by challenging the identity of individuals and social groups. To investigate topic, a descriptive-analytical approach was employed, utilizing the theoretical framework of societal security and referring to relevant library documents and resources.

Introduction: The world which we live in has been changed dangerously from the past onward and according to the evidences and reasons such as human intends, progress in science and technology, well-being and desire to power among human beings provide many crises and hazards like population explosion, environmental destruction, shortage of resources and uneven and disparity between poverty and richness. Today, human has been experienced fatal and terrible diseases resulting from transformation in genetics and manipulation in the nature. Global climate change for the sake of human activities and other negative consequences from human- environmental relationships has been studied in the lens of environmental Geopolitics. Some cases has been used by main powers in the world as a weapon for confronting and fighting against their enemy called as ecological warfare and in terms of diseases is called biological wars. There are also wars over scarce resources especially in regions faced crises. There will be wars in future for water in arid area according to some theory. All examples consider as hazards provide tribulation and disorder in the life of human who is a lonely creature in the universe. Human is alone in the solid planet earth and in the universe and there is nobody else who could help to solve his difficulty problems which most of them has been created by himself. This paper looks at problems and disasters as human hazards and it believes they will increase in the upcoming years.

Persian Gulf one of the world's most valuable aquatic ecosystems. Despite the most diverse natural plants, different species of aquatic organisms and so that the environment has very special circumstances it has become a sensitive and fragile environment. Due to different natural conditions prevailing on the body of water and on land, the area of renewable capacity is weak in the region. And natural wounds on the body caused more destruction appropriate fields of life. According to the importance of this issue, this paper attempts to investigate the environmental situation in the Persian Gulf, the region's environmental challenges and threats identified and in the end provide the necessary strategies and proposals. The results showed that the national and regional level should be given adequate attention to the environmental problems in the balance between development and protection of the natural environment of the Persian Gulf. In this regard, at the same time taking advantage of technology to prevent excessive pollution and destruction of the natural environment, should be tried through legislation and also promote the environmental awareness of the problem of pollution and environmental degradation fight.

The global packaging industry is primarily influenced by polyolefinic materials, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), which offer a combination of durability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. These materials have transformed modern packaging through their lightweight offerings for food, medical, and industrial uses. The widespread employment of non-biodegradable plastics poses substantial challenges in waste management due to their persistent presence and significant contribution to plastic pollution. This review examines the characteristics, applications, and ecological implications of polyolefins, with a particular focus on their importance in packaging. This paper examines recent advancements in biodegradable alternatives and chemical recycling methods, aiming to address the environmental challenges presented by plastic waste. Integrating natural fillers into polyolefin composites can boost biodegradability without compromising functionality. The review highlights the importance of a circular economy approach, which emphasizes sustainable practices for transforming polyolefin waste into valuable resources. This analysis explores the advantages and disadvantages of polyolefins to guide future research and sustainable packaging policy.

After the Cold War, the concept of international security underwent a modification. Among the most important components of such a transformation, the consolidation of ‘environmental security’, a topic in international security, can be taken into account. environmental security deal with threats that are not only the unintentional result of social and economic activities but are very slow in comparison with military threats and thus, the timing horizons for necessary political planning to confront them are significantly extensive. This article also reviews the status and role of the environmental threats in creating regional integration using the content analysis method and surveying them. The results indicate that 33/4% of regional integration was created according to the non-geographical variables yet and environmental threats don’t play any roles in the so organizations.

Through proliferation of dangerous dehydration phenomenon, more than 26 countries with over 300 million people have been faced water shortage crisis recently. If the current trends continue, by the year 2050, this figure would have been extended in 66 countries with a population of about two-thirds of the world. According to the United Nations report, in the last half century, more than 1,830 encounter cases occurred in the context of global water, of which 37 dams has been burst in case of war disputation. Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia over Nile water sharing are in conflict with each other. Iraq, Syria and Turkey have serious tension on Tigris and Euphrates. In recent years, Middle East countries have been planned applications for accessing to new water resources and the efficient use of water resources. In this way, it is so considerable that the littoral countries of Persian Gulf plan special strategies for further exploitation of the water resources. This descriptive-analytical study by using documentary resources is planned to consider the status of water resources, especially fresh water shortage in the Persian Gulf littoral countries. The results show that fresh and usable water sources for the population of countries in Persian Gulf region are not in good condition.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of design and planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based design and planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the planning and designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of design and planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of design and planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban planning and design methods, and on a small scale, it means making design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the design and planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental design in architecture and urban planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Reducing the vulnerability of urban facilities to decrease the amount of damage using new crisis management approaches, such as passive defense, that can be effective in creating a safe environment in cities is one of the most important objectives that urban planners and managers today seek to implement in cities. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the vulnerability of urban facilities in Ilam City with respect to passive defense and with an emphasis on environmental threats. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method for explaining the status quo and finding answers to the research questions. Data collection method is library and field studies. Data analysis is done by combining the two AHP Fuzzy and GIS methods. The results show that based on the principles of passive defense, the City of Ilam is vulnerable to flood hazards. Furthermore, facilities of Ilam City, including electricity and gas distribution networks and most water and wastewater distribution networks, are located in safe areas of the city based on passive defense principles. However, an important part of the network of major drinking water pipelines are located in critical flood areas. In this study, safe points have been identified from the perspective of passive defense in order to take the necessary steps to change the path of these pipelines by the relevant organizations.

The purpose of environmental monitoring of issues is to increase cognition, facilitate and expedite their review and analysis. Given the breadth of the threat, various schools and security theorists discuss threats from different angles. Lack of proper understanding of future threats will lead to a lack of common language and more errors in analysis for defense decision makers. The knowledge-based defense approach is a tool to ensure the security of the country, using all the capabilities of knowledge defense. Using the capabilities of knowledge-based defense, it is possible to identify the threat and the threatened, the authority to deal with the threat and how to repel it by policy-making, development of guidelines and strategies. Therefore, the present article tries to identify the impulses and global trends affecting future military threats by environmental monitoring, and to express the importance of each from the perspective of knowledge-based defense. The present research is of applied-developmental type and in terms of method, descriptive-analytical. The sample size of this study includes 77 experts using stratified random sampling method. In this research, library and field methods have been used to collect information and closed interview and questionnaire tools have been used. The results of this study show that by using the capabilities and capabilities of knowledge-based defense components, it is possible to identify more future threats and provide a better platform to facilitate and expedite the review and analysis of threats to the country's defense system.